Flexible monolayer films of poly(lactic acid)/gallic acid for active food packaging: Preparation, characterization, and bioactive properties

abstract

The design of eco-friendly active food packaging systems based on biobased polymeric materials is a growing field of research because of the pressing concern for sustainable development. Herein, monolayer ternary thermoplastic films composed of poly(lactic acid) (PLA), gallic acid (GA, 2.5% w/w relative to PLA), and a plasticizer (poly(ethylene glycol) [PEG] or epoxidized linseed oil [ELO], 5.0 and 7.5% w/w relative to PLA) are prepared via melt-mixing followed by compression molding. The ensuing plasticized and self-standing PLA/GA films are translucent and have good mechanical properties (Young's modulus ~2 GPa) and welding performance. The incorporation of GA yields films with ultraviolet-light barrier properties (transmittance below 40%, 200–400 nm), antioxidant capacity (radical scavenging activity above 94%), and antibacterial activity against the methicillin-resistant strain of Staphylococcus aureus (minimum of 3-log reduction colony forming units mL−1). These thermoplastic films are easily degradable via enzymatic degradation with proteinase K from Tritirachium album, reaching weight loss values of 100% after 9 days. The films plasticized with PEG present slightly better antibacterial action and enzymatic degradation, whereas those plasticized with ELO exhibit marginally higher surface hydrophobicity and thermal stability. Thus, the combination between PLA and GA yielded biobased films with bioactive properties that have potential for application in active food packaging.

authors

Anna Karamysheva, José M. Silva, William M. Facchinatto, Márcia D. Braz, Adelaide Almeida, Armando J. D. Silvestre, Carmen S. R. Freire, Carla Vilela

Groups

G4 - Renewable Materials and Circular Economy

Projects

CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials (UIDB/50011/2020)

CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials (UIDP/50011/2020)

Associated Laboratory CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials (LA/P/0006/2020)

FLUI - Sistemas de extrusão duplo paralelo de ácido polilático com injeção modular de compostos bioativos para a produção de filmes flexíveis mono e multi-camada biofuncionais para embalagens de produtos alimentares a partir de resíduos lenho-celulós (FLUI)

Engineering self-propelled cellulose-based Janus microrobots (Cell4Janus)

acknowledgements

This work was developed within the scope of the projects CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, UIDB/50011/2020 (DOI: 10.54499/UIDB/50011/2020), UIDP/50011/2020 (DOI: 10.54499/UIDP/50011/2020), and LA/P/0006/2020 (DOI: 10.54499/LA/P/0006/2020), and CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, UIDB/50017/2020, and UIDP/50017/2020 & LA/P/0094/2020, financed by national funds through the FCT/MCTES (PIDDAC), and project FLUI, CENTRO-01-0247-FEDER-113565, financed by Portugal 2020 through European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) in the frame of Operational Competitiveness and Internationalization Programme (POCI). The project Cell4Janus (PTDC/ BII-BIO/1901/2021, DOI: 10.54499/PTDC/BII-BIO/1901/2021), financially supported by national funds (OE) through FCT/MCTES, is acknowledged for the research contract of W.M.F. FCT is also acknowledged for the PhD grant to M.D.B. (DOI: 10.54499/2020.06571.BD) and for the research contract under Scientific Employment Stimulus to C.S.R.F. (DOI: 10.54499/CEECIND/00464/2017/CP1459/CT0033) and C.V. (DOI: 10.54499/2021.01571.CEECIND/CP1659/CT0024).